Vertebral Column with Painted Muscles, The vertebral column, often referred to as the spine, is composed of individual bones called vertebrae. Spanning from the skull's base to the pelvis, it's divided into distinct regions: cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvic region), and coccygeal (tailbone). This segmentation allows for flexibility, enabling a wide range of movements, while maintaining structural integrity to support the body.